Explantion: Use the hazard warning lights to warn other road users of a danger ahead. For example, if a drivers vehicle is causing an unavoidable obstruction such as being broken down, they should use the vehicles hazard warning lights to warn other road users of their presence.

Explantion: Where somebody has been injured in a collision, it is important to call the emergency services immediately on 999 or 112. Trained emergency services personnel know best how to attend to injured persons.

Explantion: If a red system warning light comes on while you are driving, you should stop in a safe place as soon as possible and investigate the problem before deciding what action to take. It is important to understand the meaning of your vehicles warning lights, information on which can be found in the vehicles handbook.

Explantion: All road vehicles, except motorcycles and vintage vehicles, must have a minimum tyre tread depth of 1.6 mm over the main tread. However, for safety reasons, you should replace the vehicles tyres before they become this worn.

Explantion: Drivers should check the tyre pressure in their vehicle at least once a week and before commencing a long journey. For accuracy, do this when the tyres are cold and using a reliable gauge. Tyres should always be inflated according to the vehicle manufacturers guidelines, information on which can be found in the vehicle handbook.

Explantion: In this situation, the driver and all passengers should get out of the vehicle and immediately use the emergency phone at the crossing to contact the signal operator so that trains can be stopped. If necessary, warn other motorists. Do not return to the vehicle until instructed by the signal operator or emergency services.

Explantion: If the incident causes damage to property only and there is a Garda present, it must be reported to the Garda. If there is no Garda present, the owner or the person in charge of the property must be informed. If neither are present then the relevant information must be provided at a Garda Station as soon as possible.

Explantion: If you are involved in a serious collision, you should always report it to the Gardaí and to your insurance company.

Explantion: If you are towing a loaded trailer, you need to be aware that your braking distance could be considerably greater, depending on the weight and size of the trailer. The driver should allow for this by increasing the distance from the vehicle in front.

Explantion: If a driver intends towing a caravan, they should fit extended mirrors to both sides of the towing vehicle. This will allow the driver to better observe the traffic situation behind and to the sides.

Explantion: A driver is responsible for their vehicles roadworthiness and they should check it at regular intervals. Among the checks they should make are that all the lights are in working order. If they find defects in the lights, such as a broken lens, they should have them repaired or replaced as soon as possible.

Explantion: Never move an injured person at the scene of a collision unless there is a risk of fire or further injury. Moving an injured person could add to their injuries. Trained personnel know best how to attend to injured persons. Call the emergency services (on 999 or 112) or make sure that someone else has called them.

Explantion: Use the windscreen wipers to keep the windscreen clear of rain, spray, snow or fog. Check them regularly to ensure that they are in good working order, and replace them when they become worn, before they become ineffective.

Explantion: Move the vehicle to the hard shoulder. Park as near to the left as possible. If this is not possible, take steps to warn other drivers, such as switching on the hazard warning lights. Wear a high visibility vest. Always carry at least two in the vehicle.

Explantion: Use the windscreen wipers to keep the windscreen clear of rain, spray, snow or fog. Check them regularly to ensure that they are in good working order, and replace them when they become worn, before they become ineffective.

Explantion: Use the hazard warning lights to warn other road users of a danger ahead. For example, if a drivers vehicle has broken down and is stopped on the hard shoulder, they should use the vehicles hazard warning lights to warn other road users of their presence.

Explantion: If a driver arrives at or is involved in a crash it may be essential to obtain the assistance of the emergency services as a matter of urgency. The common European emergency number is 112 however in Ireland you may also use 999.

Explantion: It is essential that head restraints be properly adjusted for both the driver and the passengers. Head restraints are designed to protect the neck and spine in a collision and thus prevent or reduce whiplash. If head restraints are not properly adjusted there is an increased risk to the vehicles occupants.

Explantion: All vehicles, including trailers, must have rear indicators, brake lights, a rear number plate light, red reflectors and rear tail lights.

Explantion: When loading a vehicle you should ensure that the load is distributed evenly. An unevenly distributed load may change the vehicles centre of gravity and this could affect the braking and steering.

Explantion: The emergency telephones at the side of a motorway are linked directly to An Garda Síochána in order for them to respond appropriately as soon as possible. The Gardaí know precisely the location of each call using these phones.

Explantion: Before towing a trailer, a driver should ensure that the tow hitch has sufficient ground clearance. If this hits the road, for example when travelling over a humpbacked bridge, there is a danger that the trailer will become detached. Drivers should also plan and carry out their journey with an awareness of this risk.

Explantion: In assessing a crash victims vital signs the following basic procedure should be used First check the victims Airway is clear, then check they are Breathing and then check their Circulation (ABC)

Explantion: Where the passenger is over the age of 17 and travelling in a car it is their legal responsibility to comply with the seat belt regulations. Below that age, it is the drivers responsibility.

Explantion: Motor vehicles are fitted with red reflectors to make it easier to be seen by other road users. Drivers should keep reflectors clean, intact and check them by shining a light on them to make sure that they are working effectively. Whilst driving, drivers should be cautious as red reflectors may be an indication of both parked/stationery or moving vehicles ahead.

Explantion: In a head-on collision passengers in both vehicles are propelled forwards, and if they are not wearing seatbelts they may go through the windscreen. It is the drivers responsibility to ensure that all passengers under the age of 17 wear seatbelts. Older passengers are themselves responsible for wearing seatbelts.

Explantion: If the battery warning light comes on whilst driving, it means there is some kind of problem with the electrical charging system of the vehicle and the battery is not being charged properly. The driver should get this checked by a professional as soon as possible. It is important to understand the meaning of your vehicles warning lights, information on which can be found in the vehicles handbook

Explantion: Before unhitching a trailer, apply the handbrake, switch off the ignition and engage a lower gear, so that the towing vehicle does not move while you are unhitching the trailer.

Explantion: When a vehicle breaks down on a motorway, a driver should move the vehicle to the hard shoulder, use the roadside phone to contact the Gardaí, and do not place a warning device on the motorway. The driver should never try to do repairs themselves in the hard shoulder.

Explantion: A driver must always ensure that their vehicles brake-lights are clean and working correctly before driving on a public road. Never drive a vehicle when the brake lights are not working properly.

Explantion: Proper weight distribution helps to ensure the stability of both the towing vehicle and the trailer. In the trailer, the bulk of the load should be over the axles. If a heavy load is positioned at the front of the trailer, this will result in too much nose weight on the hitch of the towing vehicle and make it difficult to steer. If a heavy load is positioned at the rear of the trailer, this will result in reduced weight on the rear axle of the towing vehicle, which will make it more unstable.

Explantion: All vehicles are fitted with warning lights to alert you to different things. This light tells you that the directional indicator is on. If this light is still on after you have completed your manoeuvre, cancel it to avoid misleading other road users. It is important to understand the meaning of your vehicles warning lights, information on which can be found in the vehicles handbook.

Explantion: A person who has been injured in a collision should not be given anything to drink, as this could cause them to choke. Ideally trained personnel should be consulted before attending to an injured person. Call the emergency services (on 999 or 112) or make sure that someone else has called them.

Explantion: If you are working at the rear of a tractor, you should bear in mind that if the power take-off shaft is not covered, loose clothing might get caught in it and lead to injury or death.

Explantion: When changing a wheel at the side of the road, switch on the vehicle hazard warning lights, and wear reflective or light-coloured clothing. This will help other motorists to react and slow down when passing.

Explantion: Driving at high speed is a factor that affects road holding. At higher speeds the airflow under a vehicle reduces tyre grip on the road and when you are approaching a bend or corner, the momentum of the vehicle makes it more difficult to change direction.

Explantion: Drivers should avoid hitting or mounting the kerb as it causes damage to the sidewalls of the tyre. The damage caused could cause the tyre to blow-out later. If this happens at high speed the driver may lose control of the vehicle with dangerous consequences.

Explantion: Where the passenger is over the age of 17 and travelling in a car it is their legal responsibility to comply with the seat belt regulations. Below that age, it is the drivers responsibility.

Explantion: If a person discovered lying in the road is not breathing, it may be essential to move them in order to safely carry out emergency CPR. It may also be necessary to move them under other circumstances but an urgent assessment of the situation should be carried out first.

Explantion: The driver should ensure that the tyre pressure of their vehicle is correct at all times. Correct tyre pressure is especially important when travelling long distances, on motorways and at speed.